Semester VII · PCI syllabus 2026

Modern Techniques in Cellular Biology

BP708T-E3 1 credit Elective Coming soon

CRISPR & Genome Editing CRISPR-Cas9 mechanics, guide-RNA design and DNA repair outcomes, contrasts knock-outs, knock-ins and base-editing, and shows how dCas9

fusions enable gene activation or repression. Students compare delivery evaluate off-target detection strategies before a mini-lab in which they design a gRNA and screen predicted off-targets. Flow Cytometry & Cell Sorting Learners review flow-cytometer fluidics, optics and fluorochrome chemistry, interpret forward/side scatter plots for cell size and granularity, and build multi-colour antibody panels with compensation. They perform

cell-cycle, apoptosis and immunophenotyping assays, study FACS sorting logic and viability checks, and finish with a hands-on run of a four-colour immunophenotyping panel. Live-Cell Imaging This covers phase-contrast, DIC and fluorescence time-lapse microscopy, stressing environmental control through on-stage incubators and microfluidic perfusion. Students deploy fluorescent reporters such as

GFP fusions and calcium biosensors to track motility, division and signalling, learn to minimise phototoxicity and manage large image datasets, then conduct a 12-hour GFP-cell time-lapse demo. Single-Cell RNA-Seq & Multi-Omics Participants examine single-cell isolation by droplets, microwells or FACS, walk through barcoding, library preparation and sequencing, and run a basic bioinformatics pipeline for quality control, normalisation, clustering and

UMAP/t-SNE visualisation. They identify cell types, trajectories and rare populations, glimpse CITE-seq and spatial transcriptomics, and explore a public scRNA-seq dataset in R/Python during a workshop. Advanced Fluorescence & Super-Resolution Microscopy Confocal and two-photon fundamentals, followed by super-resolution strategies—STED, SIM and PALM/STORM—plus functional techniques such as FRET, FRAP and FLIM for probing protein interactions and

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