Semester II · PCI syllabus 2026
Physical Pharmaceutics
BP206T
3 credits
Theory
Coming soon
Unit 1: Solubility distribution phenomenon & buffers
- Solubility expression, Solute solvent interactions, Solubility of liquid and liquids, Solubility of solids and liquids, Solubility of Gas in Liquids, Raoult’s Law. Factors affecting solubility, Measurement of saturation Solubility, Effect of pH on solubility, Partition Coefficient – Measurement and significance, Critical Solution Temperature and Applications. Introduction to buffers, Buffers in pharmaceutical and biological system, pH determination methos (Electrometry and colorimetry). Buffer equation / Factor influencing the pH of buffer solutions, Factor influencing Buffer capacity, General procedure for preparing buffers, Indicators
Unit 2: Interfacial phenomenon
- Liquid interface: Surface and interfacial tension, surface free energy, Measurement of surface and interfacial tension, Spreading coefficient, surface active agent, HLB, detergency, types of monolayers at liquid surface. Adsorption at solid interface, Liquid Interface (contact angle, activated charcoal and Wetting). Adsorption of surface-active agents. Electric properties of interface / Electric double layer, Nernst and zeta potential effect of electrolytes
Unit 3: Colloidal and Coarse Dispersion
- Colloidal dispersions: Types of colloidal dispersions (Lyophobic, Lyophilic, Association colloids), Optical properties of colloids, Kinetic properties of colloids, Electrical properties of colloids, Size and shape of colloidal systems, Stability of colloidal system (peptization and protective action), Application of Colloidal System. Coarse Dispersions: Suspensions, stokes law (Theory of sedimentation), Effect of Brownian movement / Sedimentation of flocculated particles, sedimentation parameters. Flocculation and controlled structure flocculation. Theories of emulsification and stabilizaition (DLVO Theory, Monomolecular adsorption, Multimolecular adsorption, Film formation, Solid particle adsorption). Physical instabilities of emulsions (creaming, coalescence and breaking, and phase inversion)
Unit 4: Rheological studies
- Newtonian systems and non-Newtonian systems. Thixotropy – measurement / Bulges and spurs. Negative thixotropy, Determination of Viscoelasticity, psycho-rheology. Applications of rheology in pharm
Unit 5: Micromeritics
- Particle size and size distribution, Particle Shape and Surface area: Methods for determination and significance. Flow properties of powders: determination, significance and methods of enhancement. Advanced flow properties of powers (Powder flow tester)
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