Home/Courses/Semester II
/Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Semester II · PCI syllabus 2026
Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
BP205T
4 credits
Theory
Coming soon
Unit 1: Metabolic Pathways and Biogenetic Studies –
- Brief study of basic metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including:
- Shikimic acid pathway
- Acetate pathway
- Amino acid pathways Utilization of radioactive isotopes in biogenetic studies. Introduction to pathway prediction tools and modern genetic tools such CRISPR/Cas9
Unit 2: Primary Metabolites –
- General classification and identification tests Pharmacognostic study (biological source, distribution, identifying characters, chemical constituents, specific tests, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications) of: Carbohydrates:
- Acacia,
- Agar
- Tragacanth
- Honey Proteins and Enzymes:
- Gelatin
- Casein
- Proteolytic enzymes: Papain, Bromelain, Serratiopeptidase, Urokinase, Streptokinase, Pepsin Lipids (Waxes, Fats, Fixed Oils):
- Castor oil
- Olive oil
- Cocoa butter
- Wool fat
- Beeswax
Unit 3: Secondary Metabolites –
- General classification and identification tests Pharmacognostic study (biological source, distribution, cultivation of underlined drugs, identifying characters, chemical constituents, specific tests, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications) of: Alkaloids:
- Vinca
- Opium Volatile Oils:
- Lemongrass
- Clove
- Cinnamon
- Fennel Tannins:
- Myrobalans
- Catechu
- Pomegranate Resins:
- Guggul
- Asafoetida Glycosides:
- Senna
- Liquorice
- Digitalis Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids:
- Green Tea
- Ginkgo
- Flax seed Iridoids, Other Terpenoids and Naphthoquinones:
- Gentian
- Artemisia
Unit 4: Extraction Methods for Medicinal Plants –
- Conventional Methods of Extraction:
- Infusion
- Decoction
- Digestion
- Maceration
- Percolation
- Reflux
- Distillation
- Soxhlet extraction
- Successive solvent extraction Modern Methods of Extraction:
- Supercritical fluid extraction
- Microwave-assisted extraction
- Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
- Enzyme-assisted extraction
- Pressurized liquid extraction
Unit 5: Overview of Isolation, Identification and Characterization
- Separation and Isolation Techniques:
- Planar chromatography
- Column chromatography
- Preparative TLC
- Flash chromatography Identification Techniques:
- Phytochemical tests
- Chromatographic techniques
- Spectroscopic techniques Fingerprinting of medicinal plants using TLC/HPTLC. Types and significance of markers (phytochemical reference standards). Screening and analysis of major metabolites:
- Alkaloids
- Glycosides
- Saponins
- Tannins
- Resins
- Flavonoids
- Phenolics
- Steroids
Is subject ka content (video/notes) abhi production mein hai — syllabus official PCI curriculum se hai, jaise-jaise units record honge yahan live ho jaayenge.