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Semester II · PCI syllabus 2026
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry
BP204T
4 credits
Theory
Coming soon
Unit 1: Aliphatic Saturated Hydrocarbons –
- Alkanes
- Methods of preparation: Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s reaction, Clemmensen reduction, Wolff–Kishner reduction
- Chemical reactions of alkanes
- Mechanism of free radical substitution (halogenation)
- Pharmaceutical applications of alkanes: Liquid paraffin, soft paraffin, hard paraffin Cycloalkanes
- Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations
- Coulson–Moffitt modification
- Sachse–Mohr theory
Unit 2: Aliphatic Unsaturated Hydrocarbons – -
- Alkenes
- Methods of preparation: o Dehydration of alcohols o Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides o Dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides o Wittig reaction
- Chemical reactions of alkenes
- Mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions
- Markovnikov’s and anti-Markovnikov’s rule
- Ozonolysis Conjugated Dienes
- Stability of conjugated dienes
- Mechanism of Diels–Alder reaction Electrophilic and free radical addition reactions
- 1,2- and 1,4-addition reactions
Unit 3: Alkyl Halides
- Nucleophilic substitution reactions: SN1 and SN2 o Mechanism, kinetics, substrate structure, solvent effect, stereochemistry
- Elimination reactions: E1 and E2 o Mechanism, kinetics, substrate structure, solvent effect, stereochemistry
- Zaitsev’s (Saytzeff’s) rule with examples
- Comparison of substitution vs elimination reactions
Unit 4: : Benzene and Its Derivatives – -
- IUPAC nomenclature of mono- and di-substituted benzene derivatives
- Structure of benzene
- Molecular orbital picture and resonance
- Aromaticity and Hückel’s rule
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions: o Nitration o Halogenation o Friedel–Crafts alkylation and its limitations o Friedel–Crafts acylation o Sulphonation and desulphonation
- Effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation
Unit 5: Carbonyl Compounds -
- Aldehydes and Ketones
- Preparation and properties of carbonyl compounds
- Nucleophilic addition reactions
- Aldol condensation and crossed aldol condensation
- Cannizzaro and crossed Cannizzaro reactions
- Benzoin and Perkin condensation
- Oxidation and reduction reactions
- Pharmaceutical applications of carbonyl compounds: Chloral, Paraldehyde, Ketoprofen
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