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Semester II · PCI syllabus 2026
Human Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology II
BP203T
4 credits
Theory
Coming soon
Unit 1: Nervous System
- a) Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse and neurotransmitters. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts, reflex activity). b) Pathophysiology of epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, migraine, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease and meningitis
Unit 2: Gastrointestinal System
- a) Anatomy of GI tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach (acid production in the stomach and its regulation through parasympathetic nervous system; role of pepsin in protein digestion). Anatomy and functions of small intestine and large intestine. Anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver. Movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients. b) Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, peptic ulcer, jaundice, hepatitis, typhoid and alcoholic and non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Unit 3: a) Respiratory System
- Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs. Mechanism of respiration and regulation of respiration. Lung volumes and capacities, transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration and resuscitation methods. b) Pathophysiology of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis. c) Urinary System Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons. Functions of kidney and urinary tract. Physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid–base balance. Role of Renin Angitensin Aldosterone System in kidney. d) Pathophysiology of acute and chronic renal failure and urinary tract infections
Unit 4: Endocrine System
- a) Classification of hormones and mechanism of hormone action. Structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland and thymus. b) Pathophysiology of diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, goitre
Unit 5: Reproductive System and Cancer
- a) Anatomy of male and female reproductive system. Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition. b) Pathophysiology of sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea. c) Etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
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